ABSTRACT
The present study aimed to provide the protection strategies for wild germplasm resources of original plants of Viticis Fructus and a theoretical basis for the sustainable use of Viticis Fructus. The genetic diversity and genetic structures of the 232 indivi-duals in 19 populations of Vitex rotundifolia and V. trifolia were analyzed by eight SSR markers with tools such as Popgene32, GenAlex 6.502, and STRUCTURE. Bottleneck effect was detected for the population with more than 10 individuals. The results indicated that 42 and 26 alleles were detected from the populations of V. rotundifolia and V. trifolia, respectively, with average expected heterozygo-sities of 0.448 6 and 0.583 9, which are indicative of low genetic diversity. AMOVA revealed the obvious genetic variation of V. rotundifolia and V. trifolia within population(84.43%, P<0.01; 60.37%, P<0.01). Furthermore, in eight SSR loci, six from V. rotundifolia populations and two from V. trifolia populations failed to meet Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations(P<0.05), which confirmed that the populations experienced bottleneck effect. As assessed by Mantel test, geographical distance posed slight impacts on the genetic variation between the populations of V. rotundifolia and V. trifolia. Principal component analysis(PCA) and STRUCTURE analysis demonstrated evident introgression of genes among various populations. The original plants of Viticis Fructus were confirmed low in genetic diversity and genetic differentiation level. Therefore, the protection of wild resources of original plants of Viticis Fructus should be strengthened to ensure its sustainable use.
Subject(s)
Alleles , Fruit/genetics , Genetic Variation , Geography , Microsatellite Repeats , Vitex/geneticsABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of the fruits of Vitex trifolia Linn. var. simplicifo- lia Cham(Viticis Fructus,VF). Methods: Various column chromatographic techniques(Silica gel,Sephadex LH-20, ODS,and MCI)and preparative high performance liquid chromatography(PHPLC)were employed to separate the chem- ical constituents of the ethanolic extracts of VF. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were identified accord- ing to the physicochemical properties as well as the NMR and MS data. Results: The isolated fifteen compounds from the ethanol extract of VF were identified as agestricin D(1),5,3’-dihydroxy-6,7,4’-trimethoxyflavanone(2),chryso- splenol D(3),casticin(4),vitetrifolin F(5),4β,10α-aromadendranediol(6),(E)-3,3’-dimethoxy-4,4’-dihydroxystilbene(7),(8R)-evofolin B(8),ω-hydroxypropioguaiacone(9),4(- 4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone(10),4-hy- droxyacetophenone(11),α-hydroxyacetovanillone(12),benzyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(13),picein(14),and 4-(4’- hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone-4’-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(15),respectively. Conclusion: Compounds 7,8,10,and 13-15 are obtained from the genus Vitex for the first time.
ABSTRACT
Viticis Fructus is a traditional Chinese materia medica with wind-heat-dispersing action and its original plant recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia is Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia or V. trifolia. Chemical investigation indicated that the two plants contained terpenes, flavonoids, anthraquinones, lignanoids, phenolic acids, and other ingredients. Modern pharmacological studies had shown the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, antipyretic-analgesic, histamine release inhibiting, antitumor activities, and so on. In this paper, the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects are reviewed, which can provide the references for further study on V. trifolia.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To examine whether and how Viticis Fructus total flavonoids (VFTF) inhibit the capacity of self-renewal in lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs) derived from human small cell lung cancer NCI-H446 cell line. Methods: NCI-H446 cell line was cultured in vitro. LCSCs were obtained and amplified by Magnetically activated cell sorting system (MACS) and suspended culture with serum-free conditioned medium. The capacity of self-renewal was detected by tumor sphere-forming assay. The protein expression levels of the self-renewal associated transcription factors, Bmi1 and p-Akt, were analyzed using Western blotting. Results: VFTF significantly suppressed the capacity of self-renewal in LCSCs, in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The expression levels of Bmi1 and p-Akt were elevated in LCSCs, compared with parental cells. VFTF effectively down-regulated the expression levels of Bmi1 and p-Akt in LCSCs. In addition, LY294002, a PI3K specific inhibitor, enhanced the inhibition of VFTF on the capacity of self-renewal in LCSCs. Conclusion: VFTF could inhibit the self-renewal capacity of LCSCs derived from NCI-H446 cell line, which is associated with down-regulation of the expression of p-Akt and self-renewal associated transcription factors Bmi1.
ABSTRACT
ITS2 sequence was used as a barcode to identify Viticis Fructus and its adulterants. The study collected 46 samples include Viticis Fructus and its adulterants. The sequences were obtained by extracting DNA, amplification, sequencing bi-direstionlly, and then assembling with CodonCode Aligner. To identify Viticis Fructus and its adulterants, the study used the methods of computing the genetic distances by Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) model and constructing the Neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic trees using MEGA5.0. The results showed that the maximum inter-specific K2P distance of Viticis Fructus was less than the minimum inter-specific K2P distance of Viticis Fructus and its adulterants and the NJ tree indicated that the Viticis Fructus and its adulterants could be distinguished clearly. Therefore, using ITS2 barcode can distinguished Viticis Fructus and its adulterants accurately.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To establish HPLC fingerprint of Viticis Fructus. METHODS: Hypersi ODS2 column was used, with mixtures of methanol and water as mobile phase in a gradient mode. The detection wavelength was set at 270 nm . The flow rate was 1.0 mL ?min -1 . RESULTS: The RSD% of precision and reproducibility was less than 5%. CONCLUSION: The method can be used for quality control of Viticis Fructus